Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenesis

a very interesting model for both Dandhoff disease and Tay-Sachs disease in the human. The fourth section includes papers discussing inborn errors of connective and epidermal tissues in animals. Direct analogy to the human is more difficult in these particular models; however, there is one model that is somewhat similar to osteogenesis imperfecta. Brown's paper discussing inborn errors of cartilage biosynthesis in the mouse is of particular interest to physicians dealing with patients who have recognized genetic disorders of skeletal development. Since the mechanisms of the chondrodystrophies in humans are almost universally unknown, such models can be helpful in giving clues as to directions for investigating possible mechanisms in the human. The fifth section concerns itself with inborn errors of immune function and histocompatibility. There is a long paper by Perryman and Magnuson on immunodeficiency disease in animals. Since manipulation with infection can be done in animal models and one is limited to serendipitous observations in humans, the ability to study immunodeficiency disorders in animals can be very helpful in improving the understanding of these disorders in man. As Perryman and Magnuson point out, however, intermediary metabolism in the infection-fighting systems of animals is not always the same as it is in man. They cite the difference in purine metabolism in horses compared with other species. Thus, papers like this which establish normative data in animals are extremely important for investigators working in the field. The section on inborn errors of hormone action considers models of androgen insensitivity and H-Y antigen and sex determination in animals. These will be of interest to investigators in the field of sexual differentiation and its abnormalities in humans. Other models are discussed in the last section before the summary. There is an interesting paper by Gerrity and Friedman on choosing animal models of human inborn errors of metabolism. They point out the problems with extrapolating data from the animal model to the human case and offer criteria for judging the suitability of an animal model. Migaki of the Registry of Comparative Pathology offers a compendium of inherited metabolic diseases in animals and the pertinent excellent literature reviews are included with this compendium. This book will be useful to investigators who are interested in researching an animal model for a human genetic disease. It will also be of interest to investigators studying the clinical human diseases themselves since many of the animal models suggest ideas that may be fruitfully pursued in the human disorder. The book may also be of use to veterinary scientists who must diagnose genetic disorders in animals.